解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract:BACKGROUND:The incidence of hepatitis C (HCV) infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Dublin is particularly high by international standards. The most robust predictor of an IDU's HCV status is his or her total number of lifetime injecting episodes. It has been proposed that participation in specific unsafe inje...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh347
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Not every leprosy patient is equally effective in transmitting Mycobacterium leprae. We studied the spatial distribution of infection (using seropositivity as a marker) in the population to identify which disease characteristics of leprosy patients are important in transmission. METHODS:Clinical data and bl...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh266
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between poverty, birthweight, and infant weight gain in Hertfordshire, 1923-1939. DESIGN:Cohort study based on the Hertfordshire Health Visitors' Register (HHVR). SETTING:The population of Hertfordshire, and a sub-sample of five Hertfordshire towns-Hoddesdon, Berkhampstead, He...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh226
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Undernutrition is associated with an increased risk of death among young children in developing countries. Infant and child nutritional status and mortality were monitored in a rural area of Casamance, Senegal. METHODS:Analysis of weight measurements taken at 3-24 months of age during routine growth monitor...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh174
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria is influenced by a web of individual and ecological factors, i.e. factors relating to people and relating to environment. For a long time analysing these factors concurrently has raised statistical problems. Multilevel modelling provides a new attractive solution, which is still uncommon in tropical ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh274
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Violence among adolescents may have serious developmental, physical, and mental health consequences for the affected individuals. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of violent behaviour and its correlates among 15-16 year old schoolchildren in Iceland. METHODS:In 1997, a cross-sectional survey was co...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh190
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1) is a multifunctional signalling molecule with a wide array of roles. Animal experiments suggest that TGFbeta1 plays a biphasic role in carcinogenesis by protecting against the early formation of benign epithelial growths, but promoting malignant transformation of t...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh102
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Epidemiology in Latin America, as in the rest of the world, has been developed for the purpose of contributing towards understanding the causes and determinants of the phenomena of health and disease in specific contexts. However, in that continent it has specific characteristics. METHODS:The paper explores...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh113
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While prior studies of thyroid cancer incidence within Belarus have increased since the 1986 Chernobyl reactor accident, the magnitude of increase is not well quantified. METHODS:Using Belarussian national cancer registry data, trends in average annual age-adjusted thyroid cancer incidence rates were examin...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh201
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Uncontrolled confounding by personal exposures like smoking can limit the inferential power of occupational cohort studies. We developed and demonstrate a refinement of an existing type of sensitivity analysis, indirect adjustment, for evaluating the potential magnitude of confounding by alcohol and tobacco....
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh151
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In many countries, little is known about adult mortality rates. New innovations are necessary to develop reasonable estimates from available information. One readily available resource is household survey data. While birth histories collected in surveys have produced reasonable estimates of child mortality, ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh099
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:On the basis of a population-based cohort, we assessed the cancer risk, focusing on gynaecological cancers and pre-malignant lesions, among women with a previous tubal sterilization. METHODS:Using the Danish Hospital Discharge Register we identified 65 232 women who had a tubal sterilization (1977-1993). Th...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh046
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We explored methods to develop uncorrelated variables for epidemiological analysis models. They were used to examine associations between respiratory health outcomes and multiple household risk factors. METHODS:We analysed data collected in the Four Chinese Cities Study (FCCS) to examine health effects on p...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg278
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To observe recent trends in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in antenatal clinic attendees to determine if previously noted falls in HIV prevalence are occurring on both sides of the Kenyan-Ugandan border. Design An ecologic study was conducted at the district level comparing HIV prevalence rates...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh127
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An ideological climate has persisted in Korea that has discouraged public discussion of social inequalities. Thus studies on inequalities in mortality remain undeveloped. This study is to examine age- and cause-specific socioeconomic mortality differentials for both men and women representative of the Korean...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg244
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Since 1997, an unexpected 2-5-fold increase in the incidence of pertussis has been reported in Poland in comparison with the previous 10 years, although the introduction of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination in 1960 reduced the incidence of pertussis approximately 100-fold in the 1980s. The a...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh012
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess whether the offspring of UK veterans of the first Gulf war are at increased risk of fetal death or congenital malformation. METHOD:This was a retrospective reproductive cohort study of UK Gulf war veterans and a demographically similar comparison group who were in service at the time but were not ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh049
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies do not provide a clear picture of the relationship between nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) exposure and asthma. METHODS:Eighteen schools using unflued gas heating in winter were randomly allocated to either retain their heaters (10 control schools) or to have replacement flued gas or electric heat...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/ije/dyh018
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Morbidity among elderly people has an important influence on their physical functioning and psychological well-being. Evaluation of the morbidity profile and its determinants, which have implications for elderly people, are not available. The objective of this study is to assess morbidity, co-morbidity, and ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg204
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Maternal co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been implicated as a potentially important co-factor for enhanced vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV). In previous reports, however, methodological issues (notably small sample sizes) have limited accurate evaluation of the contri...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg107
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To investigate variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) incubation period, transmission barrier, and short-term vCJD predictions for methionine homozygotes in 1940-1969 and post-1969 birth cohorts by use of gender- and age-specific exposure intensities to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), based on cons...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg248
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:During the past decades a widening of the relative gap in death rates between upper and lower socioeconomic groups has been reported for several European countries. Although differential mortality decline for cardiovascular diseases has been suggested as an important contributory factor, it is not known what...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg209
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study evaluated whether food insecurity and obesity were associated in a population sample in Trinidad. METHODS:A sample was drawn of 15 clusters of households, in north central Trinidad. Resident adults were enumerated. A questionnaire was administered including the short form Household Food Security ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg100
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cholesterol levels in many Asian countries are rising. Predictions of the likely effects of this on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases have mostly relied on data from Western populations. Whether the associations between total cholesterol and cardiovascular diseases are similar in Asia is not establish...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg106
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Birthweight distributions among second-born infants depend on the birthweights of older siblings, with implications for weight-specific perinatal mortality. We wanted to study whether these relations were explained by socioeconomic levels, and to study time trends in a situation with decreasing perinatal mor...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg163
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) may affect rich and poor residents differentially. Two models are proposed. Model 1: living in a non-deprived neighbourhood is better for health because better collective material and social resources are available. Model 2: being poor (rich) relative to the neighbour...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg084
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Occupation and industry classifications are used in epidemiological studies to classify study subjects according to their job and subsequently to study risk by job, to infer social class indicators, or to infer exposure to specific agents through job-exposure matrices. However, documentation on methodological aspects ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg080
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women and the incidence has increased over time. Our objectives were to study: (1) the socioeconomic differences in breast cancer incidence and mortality in Denmark, (2) how different socioeconomic groups have contributed to the increasing incidence, (3) whether t...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg049
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Sri Lanka, the major malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies breeds in pools formed in streams and river beds and it is likely that people living close to such breeding sites are at higher risk of malaria than people living further away. This study was done to quantify the importance of house location relat...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg055
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A genetic component of early-onset lung cancer has been suggested. The role of metabolic gene polymorphisms has never been studied in young lung cancer cases. Phase 1 and Phase 2 gene polymorphisms are involved in tobacco carcinogens' metabolism and therefore in lung cancer risk. METHODS:The effect of metab...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg001
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine whether the reduction in childhood mortality after immunization can be explained by the prevention of measles and its long-term effects. METHODS:and Data We re-analysed an existing data set from Matlab, Bangladesh. During 1982-1985, measles immunization was used from 9 months of age in half of the...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/dyg005
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Non-medical factors may be important determinants for granting disability pension (DP) even though disability is medically defined, as in Norway. The aim of this analysis was to identify determinants of DP in a total county population in a 10-year follow-up study. METHODS:Participants were people without DP...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/31.6.1183
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Computerized record linkage is commonly used in cohort studies to ascertain the study outcome, and as such its accuracy classifying the outcome can be described using the standard epidemiological terms of sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV). METHOD:We describe a 'duplicate method' to calculate t...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/31.6.1246
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper provides a brief overview to four major types of causal models for health-sciences research: Graphical models (causal diagrams), potential-outcome (counterfactual) models, sufficient-component cause models, and structural-equations models. The paper focuses on the logical connections among the different typ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/31.5.1030
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The relationships between cold temperatures and cardio-respiratory mortality in the elderly are well documented. We wished to determine whether similar relationships exist with consultations in the primary care setting and to assess the lag time at which the effects were observed. METHODS:Generalized additi...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/31.4.825
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Contact sports have high rates of injury. Protective equipment regulations are widely used as an intervention to reduce injury risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the injury prevention effect of regulations governing protective equipment in two full-body contact sports. METHODS:Injury rates i...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/ije/31.3.587
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mother's ethnicity is associated with her baby's birthweight and risk of perinatal mortality. Given the close relation between birthweight and perinatal mortality, we explored whether ethnic differences in birthweight explain ethnic differences in perinatal mortality. METHODS:Data on all births to mothers b...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/31.3.654
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This is a study of the associations of adult leg and trunk length with early life height and weight, diet, socioeconomic circumstances, and health, and parental height, divorce and death. METHOD:The data used were collected in a longitudinal study of the health, development and ageing of a British national ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Olive oil is the main source of dietary lipids in most Mediterranean countries where mortality and incidence rates for coronary heart disease (CHD) are the lowest in Europe. Although international comparisons and mechanistic reasons support the hypothesis that a high olive oil intake may prevent CHD, limited...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intjepid/31.2.474
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is usually based on trials where patients are randomized individually into two different, parallel, treatment groups. This paper concentrates on RCTs of a different design-two-period, two-treatment cross-over trials. METHODS:The characteristics of these t...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/31.1.140
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00